Though the ideas of electromagnetism were not originally his, Volta is credited for beginning the revolution in electric current. In 1800, he created the world's very first battery. By stacking together plates made of copper and zinc with brine-soaked cardboard in between each plate, Volta was able to create what is known as "The Voltaic Pile."
Michael Faraday:
This British scientist set out to prove whether or not a current could produce a magnetic field. On October 1821, Faraday used the following experiment to prove this:
He placed a permanent magnet in the middle of a bowl of mercury. A free hanging wire hung from above, long enough to pass the surface of the mercury. When he connected the wire to a battery, it moved in a circle around the magnet. Faraday then reversed this by making the wire secured and hanging a magnet from a wire, and the same phenomenon occurred. By doing this, Faraday demonstrated the basic concepts behind electromagnetism.
Joseph Henry
Henry improved Faraday's motor in the year 1831. His electromagnet was held on a horizontal axis. As it spinned, the polarity reversed as the two permanent magnets attracted and repelled the electromagnet. In was able to spin at 75 cycles per minute. He believed his experiments to be nothing more than "Philosophical Toys"
In the year 1833, this British scientist's motor included the very first commutator. It continuously rotated and became a simpler yet less stable version of the modern motor. The most important detail about Sturgeon's motor is its ability to carry more than its own weight. This became a phenomenon that sparked the creation of many modern day machines.
http://www.solarbotics.net/starting/200111_dcmotor/200111_dcmotor.html
http://www.aip.org/history/gap/Henry/Henry.html
http://www.eti.kit.edu/english/1376.php
http://inventors.about.com/od/utstartinventors/a/Alessandro_Volta.htm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/570124/William-Sturgeon
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